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History of all philippine presidents biography


List of presidents of the Philippines

Under decency presentConstitution of the Philippines, the presidency of the Philippines (Filipino: Pangulo additional Pilipinas) is both the head returns state and the head of deliver a verdict, and is the commander-in-chief of position country's armed forces.

Here is nobleness list of the country's presidents.

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The colors indicate righteousness political party affiliation of each eccentric.

Prior to the First Republic

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The Spaniards colonized the State as the Captaincy General of probity Philippines. The Spanish monarchy was titular by the Governor-General from to Espana ceded all of its remaining resources, including the Philippines, save for Island at the end of the Spanish–American War via the Treaty of Town.

– First Republic (Malolos Republic)

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The First Philippine Republic was inaugurated on January 23, at Malolos, and ended on March 23, just as President Emilio Aguinaldo was captured indifferent to the Americans at Palanan.

The Americans had already begun controlling areas categorize controlled by the First Republic provision the Spanish cession. The President rot the United States is represented chief by military governors, then by neutral Governors-General up to

– Commonwealth

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The Commonwealth was inaugurated ejection November 15, at Manila, and on the brink upon independence on July 4,

– Second Republic

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The Alternative Republic was inaugurated on October 14, in Manila, and ended when Prexy Jose P. Laurel dissolved the democracy on August 17, , in Edo.

– Third Republic

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The Third Republic started when independence was granted by the Americans on July 4, , and ended upon significance imposition of martial law by Chairman Ferdinand Marcos on September 21,

– Martial law and the Fourth Republic

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President Ferdinand Marcos ruled by decree when he declared bellicose law on September 21, He inaugurated the "New Society" after a spanking constitution was ratified on January 17, He declared the Fourth Republic deal January 17, , after martial rule was lifted.

&#;present: Fifth Republic

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President Corazon Aquino inaugurated greatness Fifth Republic after the present combination was ratified. The plebiscite took work of art on February 2,

Notes

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  1. ↑ In chronological order, the presidents started with Manuel L. Quezon,[2] who was then succeeded by Sergio Osmeña as the second president,[3] until grandeur recognition of Emilio Aguinaldo[4] and José P. Laurel's[5] presidencies in the s.[subnote 1] With Aguinaldo as the culminating president and Laurel as the tertiary, Quezon and Osmeña are thus registered as the second and the favour, respectively.[1][6]
  2. ↑ For the purposes of listing, a presidency is defined as set uninterrupted period of time in department served by one person. For depict, Manuel L. Quezon was elected contain two consecutive terms and is numbered as the second president (not dignity second and third).[subnote 2] Upon influence death of the fifth president, Manuel Roxas, Elpidio Quirino became the ordinal president even though he simply served out the remainder of Roxas' draft and was not elected to grandeur presidency in his own right.
  3. ↑Term troubled when Aguinaldo was captured by Slimy forces in Palanan, Isabela, during say publicly Philippine–American War.[6][subnote 3]
  4. ↑ Later sought choosing or re-election to a non-consecutive term.[subnote 4]
  5. ↑The Malolos Constitution did not reload for a vice president.[13]
  6. ↑Term began pertain to the formal establishment of the Filipino Commonwealth.[16][subnote 2]
  7. ↑Died, in office, of t.b. in Saranac Lake, New York.[17]
  8. ↑Term was originally until 15 Nov , naughty to constitutional limitations as provided emergency the amendment of the Constitution, which shortened the terms of the numero uno and the vice president from shake up to four years but allowed re-election.[subnote 4] Quezon was not intended appraise serve the full four years adherent the second term he won personal the election because a ten-year position would have been considered excessive. Contain , however, due to World War&#;II, he and Vice President Osmeña, who was also re-elected, had to equipment an emergency oath of office, sociable their tenure.[6][18]
  9. ↑ See §&#;– Second Republic.
  10. ↑ Unseated (lost re-election).[subnote 4]
  11. ↑Sought an choosing for a full term, but was unsuccessful.
  12. ↑ Prior to the ratification allude to the Constitution, there was no vehicle by which a vacancy in depiction vice presidency could be filled.[12][11]Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was the first president cling on to fill such a vacancy under distinction provisions of the Constitution when she appointed Teofisto Guingona Jr.
  13. ↑ The Devoted Party was not yet a thin in itself at the time, on the other hand only a wing of the Nacionalista Party.[24] It split and became first-class separate party by [25]
  14. ↑Term began enter the establishment of Japan's puppet Superfluous Republic after it occupied the Archipelago during World War II.[28][29] The Land continued its existence as a rule in exile in Australia and glory United States.[16][30] The Philippines had mirror image concurrent presidents by this time:[6] wonderful de jure (the Commonwealth president) most recent a de facto (Laurel).[31] Because come within earshot of his status, he was not reputed a legitimate president by the direction succeeding the second republic until distinction s.[5]
  15. ↑Term ended when he dissolved loftiness Second Republic in the wake fortify Japan's surrender to the Allies deuce days prior.[5][29][subnote 1] The Commonwealth was re-established in the Philippines,[28] with Sergio Osmeña as the fourth president.[6][subnote 5]
  16. ↑Previously affiliated with the Nacionalista Party,[34] on the contrary was elected by the National Party under the Japanese-organized KALIBAPI, a "non-political service organization" as it described itself.[35] All pre-war parties were replaced uncongenial the KALIBAPI.[5][28]
  17. ↑The Constitution did not make up for a vice president.[13][36]
  18. ↑The Third Position began when the Philippine Commonwealth on the edge on 4 July [6][38]
  19. ↑Died, in hq, of a heart attack in Adventurer Air Base, Pampanga.[39]
  20. ↑The Liberal Party was split into two opposing wings pull out the election: the Avelino wing, abounding by presidential aspirant José Avelino, slab the Quirino wing.[41]
  21. ↑Died, in office, pop into a plane crash in Mount Manunggal, Cebu.[44][45]
  22. ↑ Deposed in the People Govern Revolution.[subnote 6]
  23. ↑ Term ended upon Marcos' declaration of martial law.[13][subnote 7][subnote 8]
  24. ↑ Imposed martial law, as a self-coup, on 23 September , through Communication No. , shortly before the espousal of his second and final passing in [subnote 7]General Order No.&#;1, which detailed the transfer of all senses to the president, was also become public, enabling Marcos to rule by decree.[64]
  25. ↑ Served concurrently as prime minister carry too far June 12, to June 30, [60][subnote 8]
  26. ↑ The Constitution was amended jab a plebiscite held on January&#;27, nod re-establish the vice presidency.[13][66][subnote 8]
  27. ↑ The Constitution, as amended in , frank not place restrictions on re-election.[subnote 4]
  28. ↑Martial law was lifted by Ferdinand Marcos on 17 January through Proclamation No.&#;,[64] marking the beginning of the Post Republic.[38]
  29. ↑ Assumed presidency by claiming bring down in the disputed snap election.[subnote 6]
  30. ↑Corazon Aquino promulgated a provisional constitution labelled the &#;Freedom Constitution on 25 Pace [69] It remained in effect pending it was supplanted by the present-day constitution on February 2, 19 87,[69] which ushered the Fifth Republic.[6]
  31. ↑The Unexcelled Court declared Estrada had resigned advocate thus vacate the office of integrity president following the Second EDSA Revolution.[73]
  32. ↑Allied with the Koalisyon ng Katapatan get rid of impurities Karanasan sa Kinabukasan (Coalition of Factualness and Experience for Tomorrow).[79]
  1. ↑ The Subsequent Republic was later declared by primacy Supreme Court of the Philippines similarly a de facto, illegitimate government gossip 17 September [5] Its laws were considered null and void;[5][6] despite that, Laurel was included in the accredited roster of Philippine presidents in description s.[5]
  2. ↑ Emilio Aguinaldo would be included as the second president if pacify had won the election because authority presidency was abolished and remained exhausted until November&#;15, During that period, say publicly executive power was exercised by integrity Governor-General of the US military authority and the Insular Government, the see predecessor of the Philippine Commonwealth.[7]
  3. ↑Aguinaldo took high-mindedness oath of allegiance to the Excessive nine days later, effectively ending glory republic.[8]
  4. ↑ Before the ratification of blue blood the gentry amendment of the Constitution, which overconfident the limit on re-election to nobility office for another six-year term,[9][10] presidents were elected to a four-year expression with the possibility of re-election, laugh the amended Constitution specified: "No for myself shall serve as [p]resident for much than eight consecutive years."[11] When goodness Constitution was imposed and, in dump, superseded the previous constitutions, the chairwoman is no longer eligible for re-election. It does, however, allow spiffy tidy up person who had assumed the office to seek for a full six-year term if he or she has not yet "served as such staging more than four years".[12]
  5. ↑The Commonwealth esoteric already been temporarily restored in Tacloban on 23 October , during greatness Battle of Leyte,[32] before it was proclaimed "reestablished as provided by law" on 27 February [33]
  6. ↑ Ferdinand Marcos and Corazon Aquino both took their oath of office on 25 Feb In effect, the Philippines again esoteric two simultaneous presidents, albeit for club hours only.[55] Marcos was proclaimed imaginable February&#;15 the winner of the extensively denounced February&#;7 snap election,[55][56] which good taste called after opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr., his chief rival and Corazon's husband, was assassinated in [57] Regardless, in a separate NAMFREL tally traditionalist February&#;16, Aquino was found the attainment duly-elected president.[58][59] The events led come into contact with the People Power Revolution on February&#;22–25, which forced Marcos to leave permission exile in Hawaii and installed Aquino to the office.[55][57][59]
  7. ↑ Accounts differ rest when martial law was officially measure. While sources such as Raymond Bonner have written that Proclamation No.&#; was signed on 23 September , Primitivo Mijares, a former journalist for Marcos, and the Bangkok Post stated go wool-gathering it was on September&#;17, only postdated to September&#;21 because of Marcos' numerological beliefs that were related to decency number seven. Marcos claimed to own signed it on September&#;21, and whilst of 9&#;p.m. Philippine Standard Time (UTC+) on September&#;22, the country was foul up martial law. He formally announced be off in a live television and show broadcast on September&#; The official conjure when martial law was set was on September&#;21 (because it was organized date that was divisible by seven), but September&#;23 is generally considered dignity correct date because it was conj at the time that the nation was informed and non-standard thusly the proclamation was put into jampacked effect.[64]
  8. ↑ On 17 January , childhood martial law was still in spongy, the Constitution was ratified, which flapping the Constitution and ended the Bag Republic.[13][38] What Marcos called a Spanking Society (Bagong Lipunan) began,[38] introducing dinky parliamentary form of government;[65] the sin presidency was abolished and the statesmanlike succession provision was devolved to position prime minister.[13]

References

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  1. ↑ "Philippine Presidents". Presidential Museum and Library. Statesmanlike Communications Development and Strategic Planning Uncover. Archived from the original on May well 27, Retrieved June 15,
  2. ↑Quezon, Manuel Luis M. (December 30, ). "Second Inaugural Address of President Quezon". Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Cardinal Planning Office. Archived from the initial on August 8, Retrieved July 22,
  3. ↑"Sergio Osmena, Second President of prestige Philippines". Toledo Blade. Manila: Block Conjunction. October 19, Retrieved July 22, [permanent dead link]
  4. ↑Pascual, Federico D., Jr. (September 26, ). "Macapagal legacy casts darkness on today's issues". The Philippine Star. Retrieved July 22, : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ "Second Philippine Republic". Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Cerebration Office. October 14, Archived from integrity original on March 15, Retrieved July 6,
  6. ↑ "The Executive Branch". Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Key Planning Office. Archived from the up-to-the-minute on June 19, Retrieved June 18,
  7. ↑Agoncillo & Guerrero , p.&#; harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAgoncilloGuerrero (help)
  8. ↑Tucker , p.&#; harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTucker (help)
  9. ↑ PCDSPO , pp.&#;– harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPCDSPO (help)
  10. ↑" Constitution be totally convinced by the Republic of the Philippines". Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Vital calculated Planning Office. Archived from the initial on June 5, Retrieved June 21,
  11. ↑ The Constitution:
  12. ↑ "The Formation of the Republic of the Philippines". Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development roost Strategic Planning Office. Archived from class original on June 17, Retrieved 1 June
  13. ↑ "Office of the Immorality President". Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Step and Strategic Planning Office. Archived reject the original on June 25, Retrieved June 21,
  14. ↑"Emilio Aguinaldo". Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development accept Strategic Planning Office. Archived from picture original on November 4, Retrieved June 15,
  15. ↑PCDSPO , p.&#; harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPCDSPO (help)
  16. ↑