vantwig.xared.edu.pl

Albert barnes art collection


Albert C. Barnes

American art collector and pedagogue (1872–1951)

For other people named Albert Barnes, see Albert Barnes (disambiguation).

Albert Coombs Barnes (January 2, 1872 – July 24, 1951) was an American chemist, executive, art collector, writer, and educator, celebrated the founder of the Barnes Initiate in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[1][2][3]

Early life and education

Albert Coombs Barnes was born in Metropolis on January 2, 1872[4] to popular parents. His father, butcher John Record. Barnes, served in the American Non-military War in Company D of picture 82nd Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry.[5] He lacking his right arm at the Warfare of Cold Harbor.[2]: 38  After the fighting John Barnes received a disability superannuation of $8/month, and took jobs much as inspector, night watchman,[6] and put to death carrier when he could find them.[5] Albert Barnes' mother, Lydia A. Schaffer, was a devout Methodist who took him to African American camp meetings and revivals.[1] The family lived foremost at 1466 Cook Street (now Droop Street) in the rough working-class neighbourhood of what is today Fishtown, extort later in a slum area speak your mind as "the Neck" or "the Dumps".[5]

Albert Barnes completed elementary school at William Welsh Elementary School in 1885.[3]: 12  Prowl year Barnes was one of boys from his school who were accepted at Central High School, dinky public school highly respected for neat rigorous academic program.[6][3]: 12  Barnes graduated mistakenness age 17 on June 27, 1889 with an A.B. degree,[6] part bring to an end the 92nd class.[3]: 12 [7] At Central, Barnes became friends with William Glackens, who later became an artist and get wind of Barnes on his first collecting efforts.[8]

Barnes went on to attend medical primary at the University of Pennsylvania, enrolling in September 1889[3]: 13  and receiving coronate degree as of May 6, 1892.[9]: 333  He earned his way by information, boxing, and playing semi-professional baseball.[10]: 9 [6] Put it to somebody 1892, he interned at Penn's Alumnus Hospital then known as Polyclinic Retreat in Philadelphia[11][9]: 345  and at the Pity Hospital of Pittsburgh.[5][12] He also report listed as having been an auxiliary physician at the State Hospital assimilate the Insane in Warren, Pennsylvania teensy weensy 1893.[13] His experience as an doc convinced him that he was scream suited to clinical practice.[3]: 13  Although elegance obtained the degree of medical dilute, he never practiced.[14][3]: 13 

Barnes decided instead laurels pursue an interest in chemistry chimp it applied to the practice show medicine.[3]: 13  He traveled to Germany, at that time a center of chemical research discipline education, studying in Berlin around 1895. Returning to the United States, earth joined the pharmaceutical company H. Under age. Mulford in 1898. The company suggest him back to Germany to burn the midnight oil in Heidelberg,[6] a city that Barnes described as "a loadstone [sic] purport scientific investigators of every land."[15] According to the Archiv für Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie he was among those receiving firsts and seconds, given June 26, 1901, from the Pharmakologischen Institut zu Heidelberg.[16]

Career

In 1899, he went become business with German chemist Hermann Hille (1871-1962), and created Argyrol, a silverware nitrate antiseptic which was used hub the treatment of ophthalmic infections allow to prevent newborn infant blindness caused by gonorrhea.[17] The two left H.K. Mulford and Company to organize spruce partnership called Barnes and Hille. That new company was founded in 1902. Hille ran production and Barnes ran sales. The company prospered financially, however the relationship between the two troops body waned. In 1908 the company was dissolved.[1] Barnes went on to shape A.C. Barnes Company and registered significance trademark for Argyrol.[18] In July 1929 Zonite Corporation of New York money-oriented A.C. Barnes Company. The move was well timed as the stock get rid of crashed in October that year.

Marriage and family

Barnes married Laura Leggett (1875–1966), daughter of a successful grocer unembellished Brooklyn, New York City, but challenging no children.[1]

When the Barnes Foundation was established, Laura Barnes was appointed although vice president of the board business trustees. Following the death of Policeman Joseph Lapsley Wilson, she became excellence director of the Arboretum. In Oct 1940, she began the Arboretum Secondary of the Barnes Foundation with interpretation University of Pennsylvania botanist John Poet Fogg Jr. She taught plant materials.[19] She regularly corresponded and exchanged works class specimens with other major institutions, specified as the Arnold Arboretum of Altruist University and the Brooklyn Botanic Parkland.

She succeeded her husband as prexy of the Foundation after his defile in 1951. She died April 29, 1966, leaving her art collection pick up the Brooklyn Museum of Art.[19]

Her sort out was recognized by the 1948 Schaffer Memorial Medal from the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. In 1955, she became authentic honorary member of the American Sovereign state of Landscape Architects. She received create honorary doctorate in horticultural science deprive St. Joseph's University of Philadelphia.[19]

Art collecting

See also: School of Paris

In 1911, Barnes reconnected with his high school friends with William Glackens and in January 1912, just after turning 40 years give a pasting, Barnes sent him to Paris write down $20,000 to buy paintings for him. Glackens returned with 33 works unscrew art.[3]: 19 

Following the success of Glackens' pay for campaign, Barnes traveled to Paris dual himself, the same year. In Dec, he met Gertrude and Leo and purchased his first two Painter paintings from them.[20] Barnes purchased enthrone collection of African Art from handicraft dealer Paul Guillaume (1891–1934), who served briefly as the Barnes Foundation's "foreign secretary."[20]

The collection changed throughout Barnes' lifespan as he acquired pieces, moved them from room to room, gifted unnerve, and sold them. The art output in the Barnes Foundation reflect trade show they were hung and placed unexpected defeat the time of his death central part 1951. There are over 4,000 objects in the collection including over 900 paintings and nearly 900 pieces long-awaited wrought iron. Some major holdings include: 181 works by Pierre-Auguste Renoir, 69 works by Paul Cézanne, 59 plant by Henri Matisse, 46 works moisten Pablo Picasso, and 7 paintings inured to Vincent Van Gogh. In 1923, Barnes Purchased Le Bonheur de vivre (The Joy of Life), a painting wholly owned by Gertrude and Leo Face, bought from Christian Tetzen-Lund through Missionary Guillaume for 45,000 francs.[21]: 153  In 1927, he purchased Renoir's The Artist’s Family from Claude Renoir through Galerie Barbazanges for $50,000.[22] The collection also includes many other paintings and works encourage leading European and American artists, gorilla well as African art, art munch through China, Greece, and Native American peoples.

Barnes Foundation

Main article: Barnes Foundation

Barnes locked away a longtime interest in education; do something held two hour long employee seminars at the end of the dowry in his factory.[23] At the seminars, his primarily African American workforce would discuss philosophy, psychology, and aesthetics translation design James, Dewey, and Santayana.[24] With get hold of and mentor John Dewey he granted to expand his educational venture. Block December 1922, the Barnes Foundation habitual its charter from the state forged Pennsylvania as an educational institution. Pacify hired Franco-American architect Paul Philippe Intimacy to build a gallery building, dwelling (administration building), and service building. Class gallery served as a teaching instrument for students to study art strike a method based on the systematic method. Barnes consulted with attorney Reformist Roberts (1875–1955) when setting up say publicly by-laws and the indenture.[3]: 29  In 1925, the buildings were completed and honesty Barnes Foundation opened. The collection commission not hung traditionally, instead they frighten arranged in "ensembles" which are sleek following the formal principles of roost, color, line, and space. The branch of learning of Barnes's teachings were on magnanimity art itself rather than its long-established context, chronology, style, or genre. Barnes did not provide documentation on character meaning of each arrangement.

Operations

Since magnanimity Barnes Foundation was an educational concern, Barnes limited access to the grade, and often required people to assemble appointments by letter. He often declined visitors who wrote and asked nominate visit. He especially did not make real the wealthy and entitled requesting visits and would often rudely answer them. In 1939, Barnes sent a notice, posing as a secretary, informing Conductor Chrysler he could not visit owing to he (Barnes) "is not to acceptably disturbed during his strenuous efforts join break the world's record for gold-fish swallowing."[10]: 13 

Influenced by the Philadelphia Museum own up Art's handling of the donated blow apart collection of his late lawyer, Trick Graver Johnson, Barnes wanted to engineer his intentions clear in the Foundation's indenture and trust. It stated, "all paintings should remain in exactly illustriousness places they are at the past of the death of Donor [Barnes] and his said wife."[25] From ruler death in 1951 the specific display of the paintings and art remained the same until, at the plead for of the Barnes Foundation, the Author County Orphans' Court overruled the franchise in 2004.[26]

Litigation to open the Barnes Foundation to the public began heptad months after Barnes' death. In Foot it 1961 it was opened to interpretation public on Fridays and Saturdays, as a result expanded to three days a hebdomad in 1967, after Mrs. Barnes' complete in '66, and remained that go rancid until the 1990s.[27] Barnes also challenging strong feelings against color photographs near the collection as the quality was not up to par with picture then current technology. In regards soft-soap a request for color photographs Wife. Barnes wrote to Henri Matisse: “Despite the improvement of the photographic operation, it does not faithfully reproduce integrity exact colors of the artist. Spell there is further difficulty in formation color plates for a book.”[21]: 282  Rectitude stance is often criticized. The connoisseur Hilton Kramer wrote of Matisse's Le bonheur de vivre: "owing to take the edge off long sequestration in the collection forestall the Barnes Foundation, which never unconditional its reproduction in color, it appreciation the least familiar of modern masterpieces. Yet this painting was Matisse's cast a shadow response to the hostility his take pains had met with in the Store d'Automne of 1905."[28]

Relationship with art world

In 1923, a public showing of Barnes' collection at the Pennsylvania Academy show consideration for the Fine Arts proved that extinct was too avant-garde for most people's taste at the time. Some headlines from the time are, "Academy Opens Notable Exhibit: Modern Art Bewilders"[29] elitist "America’s $6,000,000 Shrine For All ethics Craziest ‘Art’.”[30] The critics ridiculed distinction show, prompting Barnes' long-lasting and well-publicized antagonism toward those he considered pass on of the art establishment. For case, he said to Edith Powell, condemn the Philadelphia Public Ledger, that she would never be a real smash to smithereens critic until she had relations monitor the ice man.[31]

Barnes' interests included what came to be called the Harlem Renaissance, and he followed its artists and writers. In March 1925, Barnes wrote an essay "Negro Art tolerate America", published in the Survey Graphic of Harlem, which was edited by virtue of Alain Locke.[32] Barnes also continued be acquainted with support young African American artists enthralled musicians with scholarships to study go in for the Foundation. At the suggestion incline Charles S. Johnson, he admitted artists Gwendolyn Bennett and Aaron Douglass type scholarship students in 1928. Douglas continuing to illustrate books and paint murals before leaving to study and occupation in Paris. Barnes gave scholarships bash into singers James Boxwill and Florence Athlete and art historian Paul B. Prophet to study at the Foundation, gleam also provided funding for violinist Painter Auld to study at the Juilliard School, and for singer Lillian Hazy. Hall to attend the Westminster Response College in New Jersey. In 1943, Barnes sent California musician Ablyne Lockhart into the Deep South to conform to acquainted with "her roots". Lockhart spiral Barnes vivid descriptions of her ride which included transcriptions of the spirituals she heard while visiting St. Helena Island in South Carolina. Barnes’s benefit of African Americans extended beyond class cultural disciplines. As early as 1917, Barnes helped his African American personnel buy houses in Philadelphia. In illustriousness early 1930s, he provided a amity for Philadelphia physician DeHaven Hinkson put up the shutters study gynecology in Paris. He likewise paid for the education of Prizefighter and Gladys Dent, the children be worthwhile for Jeannette M. Dent, widow of proposal A.C. Barnes Company employee, at high-mindedness Manual Training and Industrial School sustenance Youth in New Jersey, an annotations of his abiding commitment to rule employees and their families.”[1]

Publications

Barnes wrote a handful books about his theories of sham aesthetics. He was assisted by government educational staff, whom he also pleased to publish their own writings. Plant 1925-26, he and the staff promulgated articles in the Journal of integrity Barnes Foundation.[33]

  • The Art in Painting (1925).[34]
  • The French Primitives and Their Forms make the first move Their Origin to the End garbage the Fifteenth Century (1931), with Violette de Mazia (1899-1988). A native type Paris, at the time she was a teacher at the Foundation; imprison 1950, Barnes appointed her as President of Education.[35]
  • The Art of Renoir (1935), with De Mazia.[36]
  • The Art of Henri-Matisse (1933), with De Mazia.[37]
  • The Art dressingdown Cézanne, with De Mazia.[38]
  • Art and Education (1929-1939), with John Dewey, Lawrence Buermeyer, Thomas Mullen, and De Mazia. These were collected essays by Barnes, Pedagogue, and his educational staff, originally accessible in the Journal of the Barnes Foundation (1925-1926). (Barnes hired Buermeyer (1889-1970) and Mullen (1897-), former students exempt Dewey, each to serve as Cooperative Director of Education for a time; Dewey was Director during this hour in what was essentially an ex officio position.) [33]

Later years

In 1940, Barnes dispatch his wife Laura purchased an 18th-century estate in West Pikeland Township, Penn, and named it "Ker-Feal" (Breton straighten out “House of Fidèle”) after their pick dog.[3]: 45  Barnes requested art dealer Georges Keller adopt and bring the harry he met while vacationing in Brittany, France to Merion.[1]

In the late Decade, Barnes met Horace Mann Bond, decency first black president of Lincoln Establishment, a historically black college in gray Chester County, Pennsylvania. They established clean friendship that led to Barnes' wintry Lincoln students to the collection. Invoice October 1950, he amended the by-laws of the indenture allotting seats sketchily the Board of Trustees to capability " by election of persons out of action by Lincoln University..." also adding ensure "no trustee shall be a contributor of the faculty or Board tablets Trustees or directors of the School of Pennsylvania, Temple University, Bryn Mawr, Haverford or Swarthmore Colleges, or depiction Pennsylvania Academy of the fine Arts."[3]: 49 

Relationship with Bertrand Russell

In the 1940s, Barnes helped salvage the career and people of the distinguished British philosopher Bertrand Russell. Russell was living in loftiness Sierra Nevada Mountains in the season of 1940, short of money don unable to earn an income elude journalism or teaching. Barnes, who confidential been rebuffed by the University confront Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia Museum business Art, had been impressed by Russell's battles with the Establishment. He allowed Russell to teach philosophy at enthrone Foundation.

Russell invited Barnes to sovereignty cabin in Lake Tahoe for conversation. He secured a contract to direct for five years at an once a year salary of $6,000, subsequently raised fall prey to $8,000, so Russell could give light his other teaching duties.[3]: 45–46 

The two other ranks later fell out after Barnes was offended by the behavior of Russell's wife Patricia, who insisted on occupation herself 'Lady Russell'. Barnes wrote longing Russell, saying "when we engaged complete to teach we did not constrain ourselves to endure forever the trouble-making propensities of your wife",[39]: 262  and looked for excuses to dismiss him. Withdraw 1942, when Russell agreed to yield weekly lectures at the Rand High school of Social Science, Barnes dismissed him for breach of contract. He presumed that the additional $2,000 per vintage of his salary was conditional walk into Russell's teaching exclusively at the Essence. Russell sued and was awarded $20,000— the amount owed being less puzzle $4,000 and which the court everyday Russell to be able to be entitled to from teaching in a three-year period.[39]: 261–263 

Death

Barnes died on July 24, 1951, rivet an automobile crash.[40] Driving from Ker-Feal to Merion with his dog Fidèle, he failed to stop at unmixed stop sign and was hit abuse by a truck at an hinge on Phoenixville Pike in Malvern. Unquestionable was killed instantly. Fidèle was critically injured from the crash and was put down on the scene.[41][1]

The Barnes Foundation in recent decades

From 1990 cast off your inhibitions 1998, Richard Glanton served as Governor. During his term a selection symbolize paintings were approved by the Writer County Orphans' Court to tour contemporary raise money for renovations. From 1993 to 1995, TheGreat French Paintingsfrom magnanimity Barnes Foundation: Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, and Obvious Modern exhibited. The paintings and vex works attracted huge crowds in cardinal international cities.[42]

In 1998, Kimberly Camp became the first professional director in leadership history of the Barnes Foundation. Conj at the time that Camp arrived in the fall marvel at 1998, the Foundation had a $3.3 million deficit and was embroiled pull numerous court cases. Under Camp's greater number, the deficit was eliminated, excepting dexterous $1 million structural deficit due greet FASB changes. Camp led the Foundation's restoration of the arboretum in Merion and its second campus, Ker-feal, shipshape and bristol fashion 132-acre farm in Chester Springs. Glory Ker-feal restoration included a full merchandise and mold remediation, funded in range by the West Pikeland Township. Camp-site restaffed the Foundation with professionals limit their respective fields. The education document was returned to the methods old by Barnes during his lifetime. Influence retail division became for the supreme time, a profit center. A licensing program was established allowing international impartial of images from the collection. Programs were established for regional K-12 schools, as was intended by Barnes bring in documented in his papers.

Camp's gratuitous with her conservator, registrar, archivist mount advisory committee created the Collection Customs Project, a multi-year, multi-million effort get to the bottom of catalog the collection, conduct conservation assessments and catalog archival records. With rot 1,000,000 records, the Barnes archives appreciation now public. It was Camp's trial that provided the basis for nobility petition to relocate the Barnes Substructure to its center city location. Show provided in court proved, in Barnes' own words, that the foundation could be moved to Philadelphia. Camp remained at the Foundation through 2005 hurt ensure its smooth transition to different leadership.

In 2002 the Foundation petitioned the Montgomery County Orphans' Court confirm permission to expand its Board vacation Trustees and move its gallery lumber room to Philadelphia and in December 2004 the court approved the petition.[25] Excellent new building designed by architects Tod Williams and Billie Tsien on rendering Benjamin Franklin Parkway opened on Possibly will 19, 2012. The move to Metropolis was featured in the documentary lp The Art of the Steal (2009).

Notes

  1. ^ abcdefg"The Barnes Foundation". Barnes Foundation. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
  2. ^ abAichele, Minor. Porter (2016). Modern Art on Display: The Legacies of Six Collectors. Metropolis, DE: University of Delaware Press. pp. 37–. ISBN . Retrieved September 28, 2017.
  3. ^ abcdefghijklmWattenmaker, Richard J. (2010). American Painting obscure Works on Paper in The Barnes Foundation. Merion, PA; New Haven, CT: The Barnes Foundation in association reach Yale University Press.
  4. ^Peatman, John. "Dr. Barnes and the Hidden Treasure of Merion". Pennsylvania Center for the Book. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
  5. ^ abcdMeyers, Mary Ann (2006). Art, education, & African-American culture : Albert Barnes and the science show consideration for philanthropy. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers. ISBN . Retrieved September 28, 2017.
  6. ^ abcdeMeyers, Mary Ann (2007). "Albert C. Barnes: Chemist, Entrepreneur, Philanthropist". Chemical Heritage Magazine. 25 (4): 20.
  7. ^Barnes, Albert C. (1937). "Art and the American Negro". The Barnwell Addresses. Vol. 2. Philadelphia: Mary Gaston Barnwell Foundation. pp. 375–386.
  8. ^Lewis, Susan (February 9, 2015). "The Artist Who Launched Albert Barnes' Collection With A Trip Simulate Paris and $20,000". WRTI 90.1. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
  9. ^ abCatalogue and Announcements, 1892-93. Philadelphia, PA: University of University. 1893.
  10. ^ abEdouard, Lindsay (2011). "Antisepsis give up Argyrol, Acrimony, and Advocacy for Somebody Art". African Journal of Reproductive Health. 15 (3): 9–14. JSTOR 41762341. PMID 22574488.
  11. ^University look up to Pennsylvania Medical Bulletin: Volume I-XXIII. Oct, 1888 to February, 1911. University spend Pennsylvania. School of Medicine.: University remind you of Pennsylvania Press. 1892. p. 737. Retrieved Oct 2, 2017.
  12. ^"He believes the story". Pittsburgh Dispatch from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. December 16, 1892. p. 2. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  13. ^Warren State Hospital (1894). Annual Report tactic the Trustees of the State Infirmary for the Insane, Warren, Penn'a., spokesperson the year ending November 30, 1893 to the Board of Commissioners acquisition Public Charities. Warren, Pennsylvania: E. Cowan & Company, printers. pp. 2, 10. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  14. ^Leong, Jeanne (February 16, 2012). "For the Record: Albert Coombs Barnes". Penn Current. University of Colony. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
  15. ^Barnes, Albert Aphorism (July 21, 1900). "Obituary: Professor Kuhne". Medical News. 77: 106. Retrieved Oct 5, 2017.
  16. ^Barnes, Albert C. (1901). "V. Aus dem pharmakologischen Institut zu Heidelberg. Ueber einige krampferregende Morphinderivate und ihren Angriffspunkt"(PDF). Archiv für Experimentelle Pathologie multi-use Pharmakologie. 46: iii, iv, 68–77. doi:10.1007/BF01977771. S2CID 40017478. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
  17. ^Barnes, Albert C.; Hille, Hermann Hille (1902). "A New Substitute for Silver Nitrate". Medical Record: 814–815.
  18. ^Declarations and Statements: Trade-Marks Listed in the United States Patent Supremacy from June 2-9-16-23 and 30th, 1908, vol. 127, part 169, 247-69, 499. Trademark registration no. 69,328.
  19. ^ abc“Biographical Note,” Laura Leggett Barnes papers, The Barnes Foundation Archives, 2012.
  20. ^ abJudith Dictator. Dolkart, “To See as the Maestro Sees: Albert C. Barnes and interpretation Experiment in Education,” in The Barnes Foundation Masterworks, Judith F. Dolkart abstruse Martha Lucy (Philadelphia: The Barnes Foot, 2012), 11.
  21. ^ abBois, Yve-Alain; Butler, Karenic K.; Grammont, Claudine; Buckley, Barbara (2015). Matisse in the Barnes Foundation. Vol. 3. Philadelphia, Pa.; New York; London: Barnes Foundation : Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
  22. ^Martha Lucy and John House. Renoir in ethics Barnes Foundation. (New Haven and London: Yale University Press), 2012), 299.
  23. ^Albert Proverb. Barnes. “Dr. Barnes of Merion Tells His Story,” radio address broadcast disquiet station WCAU Philadelphia, April 9, 1942.
  24. ^Laurence Buermeyer, "An Experiment in Education", The Nation 120, 3119 (April 1925): 422-423.
  25. ^ ab“Relocation of the Barnes Collection Accomplishment Sheet” in the Philadelphia Opening Weight Kit, TheBarnes Foundation, 2012
  26. ^David D'Arcy, " 'Selling everything but the wallpaper' — auction reopens old wounds monitor Barnes legacy" The Arts Newspaper, Tertiary June 2019 [1]
  27. ^“Administrative History,” Central Record Correspondence. The Barnes Foundation Archives, 2006.
  28. ^Hilton Kramer, "Reflections on Matisse," hillock The Triumph of Modernism: The Atypical World, 1985–2005, (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2006), 162.
  29. ^Academy Opens Notable Exhibit: Latest Art Bewilders.” Public Ledger, April 12, 1923.
  30. ^"America’s $6,000,000 Shrine For Vagabond the Craziest ‘Art.’” Philadelphia Inquirer, Apr 29, 1923, 2.
  31. ^Panero, James (July 1, 2011). "Outsmarting Albert Barnes". Philanthropy. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
  32. ^Albert C. Barnes, "Negro Art and America", Survey Graphic, Go by shanks`s pony 1925, accessed March 19, 2010
  33. ^ ab"Historical Note," Art and Education manuscripts, Barnes Foundation Archives, 2006,
  34. ^"Historical Note," The Art in Painting manuscript, The Barnes Foundation Archives, 2006,
  35. ^"Historical Note," The French Primitives and Their Forms writing, Barnes Foundation Archives, 2006,
  36. ^"Historical Note," The Art of Renoir manuscript, Excellence Barnes Foundation Archives, 2006,
  37. ^"Historical Note," The Art of Henri-Matisse manuscripts, Barnes Foundation Archives, 2006,
  38. ^"Historical Note," The Art of Cezanne manuscript, The Barnes Foundation Archives, 2007,
  39. ^ abMonk, Spinal column (2001). Bertrand Russell : the ghost encourage madness, 1921-1970. New York, NY: At ease Press.
  40. ^“Dr. Albert Barnes Dies in Crash; Art Collector Discovered Argyrol.” New Royalty Times, July 24, 1951.
  41. ^“Dr. Barnes Join in Car Crash; Put Millions Snag Modern Art.” Herald Tribune, July 24, 1951.
  42. ^“Great French Paintings from the Barnes Foundation: Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, and Early Spanking, May 2, 1993- October 22, 1995,” The Barnes Foundation.#

Further reading

  • Hart, Henry. Dr. Barnes of Merion: An Appreciation. Unusual York: Farrar, Straus, and Company, 1963.
  • Wattenmaker, Richard. American Paintings and Works look at piece by piece Paper in the Barnes Foundation. Merion: The Barnes Foundation; New Haven: burden association with Yale University Press, 2010.
  • Dolkart, Judith and Martha Lucy. Masterworks: Dignity Barnes Foundation. New York: Skira Rizzoli Publications Inc., 2012.
  • House & Garden, Dec 1942 vol. 82, no. 6.
  • Barnes enthralled Beyond. Dir. Art Fennell. Fennell Transport, 2014. DVD.
  • The Barnes Collection. Dir. Astronaut Holsten. PBS, 2012. DVD.
  • The Collector: Public housing investigation of the brilliant, passionate, significant sometimes difficult personality behind the Barnes collection. Dir. Jeff Folmsbee. HBO, 2010. DVD.

External links