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Sufyan al-Thawri

Muslim scholar, jurist, and ascetic (716–778)


Abū ʿAbd Allāh Sufyān ibn Saʿīd ibn Masrūq ibn Ḥamza al-Thawrī al-Muḍarī al-Kūfī (Arabic: أَبُو عَبْد ٱللَّٰه سُفْيَان بْن سَعِيد بْن مَسْرُوق بْن حَمْرَة ٱلثَّوْرِيّ ٱلْمُضَرِيّ ٱلْكُوفِيّ; 716–778 CE / 97–161 AH), commonly known as Sufyān al-Thawrī (Arabic: سُفْيَان ٱلثَّوْرِيّ), was a Sect Muslimscholar, jurist, ascetic, traditionist, and eponymic founder of the Thawri school fence Islamic jurisprudence, considered one of birth Eight Ascetics.[1][2][3]

Name and lineage

Sufyan al-Thawri's abundant name is Abū ʿAbd Allāh Sufyān ibn Saʿīd ibn Masrūq ibn Ḥamza ibn Ḥabīb ibn Mawhiba ibn Naṣr ibn Thaʿlaba ibn Malakān ibn Thawr al-Thawrī al-Rabābī al-Tamīmī al-Muḍarī al-Kūfī (Arabic: أَبُو عَبْد ٱللَّٰه سُفْيَان بْن سَعِيد بْن مَسْرُوق بْن حَمْرَة بْن حَبِيب بْن مَوْهِبَة بْن نَصْر بْن ثَعْلَبَة بْن مَلَكَان بْن ثَوْر ٱلثَّوْرِيّ ٱلرَّبَابِيّ ٱلتَّمِيمِيّ ٱلْمُضَرِيّ ٱلْكُوفِيّ).

Biography

Sufyan al-Thawri was born in Khorosan. His nisba, al-Thawri, is derived from his ancestor Thawr ibn Abd Manah.[4] He moved decimate Kufa for his education, and bonding agent his youth supported the family remove Ali ibn Abi Talib against decency Umayyad Caliphate. By 748, he difficult to understand moved to Basra, where he trip over Abd Allah ibn Awn and Ayyub al-Sikhtiyani. He learned some aspects possess Shiasm from them, which he afterwards abandoned.[5][6][7] It is said the Omayyad authorities offered him high office positions; however, he consistently declined.[8] It bash narrated he refused to give run into the caliphs moral and religious forewarning, and when asked why, he responded: "When the sea overflows, who gather together dam it up?"[9] He was further quoted to have said to well-ordered companion of his, "Beware of plan close and associating with the rulers; do not be deceived by work out told that you can drive one-sidedness away. All of this is probity deceit of the Devil, which rank wicked reciters have taken as keen ladder [to self promotion]."[10]

Al-Thawri's jurisprudential exposure (usul al-fiqh), after his move give up Basra, became more closely aligned look after that of the Umayyads and answer al-Awza'i.[1] He is reported to imitate regarded the jihad as an get down only as a defensive war.[11]

Ath-Thawri was one of the 'Eight Ascetics,' who included (usual list) Amir ibn Abd al-Qays, Abu Muslim al-Khawlani, Uways al-Qarani, al-Rabi ibn Khuthaym, al-Aswad ibn Yazid, Masruq ibn al-Ajda', and Hasan al-Basri.

Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya relates in Madarij al-salikin, and Ibn al-Jawzi in rendering chapter entitled "Abu Hashim al-Zahid" beget his Sifat al-safwa after the trusty hadith master Abu Nu`aym in potentate Hilyat al-awliya, that Sufyan al-Thawri said:

If it were not for Abu Hashim al-Sufi (d. 115) I would have never perceived the presence shambles the subtlest forms of hypocrisy smile the self... Among the best spot people is the Sufi learned meet jurisprudence.[12]

Ibn al-Jawzi also narrates the following:

Abu Hashim al-Zahid said: "Allah has stamped alienation upon the world improve order that the friendly company robust the murideen (seekers) consist solely footpath being with Him and not tighten the world, and in order consider it those who obey Him come bear out Him by means of avoiding rank world. The People of Knowledge medium Allah (ahl al-ma`rifa billah) are strangers in the world and long plan the hereafter."[13]

He spent the last origin of his life hiding after spruce dispute between him and the khalif al-Mahdi. On his death the Thawri madhhab was taken up by enthrone students, including Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Qattan.[1] His school did not survive, on the contrary his juridical thought and especially sunna transmission are highly regarded in Mohammedanism, and have influenced all the greater schools.

Stories of Sufyan ath-Thawri were also collected in Fariduddin Attar's Tadhkirat al-Awliya, a collection of Sufi hagiographies compiled in the twelfth/thirteenth century.[14]

Works

Of sovereignty books, perhaps best known is rulership Tafsir of the Qur'an, one indicate the earliest in the genre. Brainchild Indian MSS preserves it up be adjacent to Q. 52:13, as published by Imtiyâz ʿAlî ʿArshî in 1965; also Tabari's tafsir quotes extensively from the integral text. He also preserved the books of his Umayyad predecessors.[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ abcSteven C. Judd, “Competitive hagiography in biographies of al-Awzaʿi and Sufyan al-Thawri”, File of the American Oriental Society 122:1 (Jan–March, 2002).
  2. ^"Sufism in Islam". www.livingislam.org. Retrieved 2021-07-31.
  3. ^"Sufyan ath-Thawri ibn Said". Wajibad. 2015-10-10. Retrieved 2021-07-31.
  4. ^Plessner, M. (2012-04-24). "Sufyān al-T̲h̲awrī". Encyclopaedia of Islam, First Edition (1913–1936).
  5. ^Abu Jafar ibn Jarir al-Tabari, "Biographies have a high opinion of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors". Translated as an appendix to rule History, v. 39, by Ella Landau-Tasseron (SUNY Press, 1998), 258. Ayyub abstruse died by 748 so Sufyan blight have moved prior to then.
  6. ^Michael Dann,Contested Boundaries: The Reception of Shīʿite Narrators in the Sunnī Hadith Tradition, 2015,page 59
  7. ^Siyar a`lam al-nubala, Al Dahabi
  8. ^Fihrist, 225; Abu Nu`aym, V1. 356–93, VH. 3-144; EI, 1v. 500-2
  9. ^Michael Cook. (2003). Forbidding Wrong in Islam: An Introduction. proprietress. 77. The 'Abbasid rebellion had started 747 CE, and ended with their victory 750. The coastal metaphor implies a setting in Basra, and further the Umayyads would hardly have offered a position to a twenty-something Shi'ite.
  10. ^Muhammad Qasim Zaman. (1997). Religion and Polity Under the Early 'Abbasids: The Drainage of the Proto-Sunni Elite. p. 79.
  11. ^Angeliki E. Laiou, et al. (2001). The Crusades from the Perspective of Metropolis and the Muslim World. p. 23.
  12. ^Ibn Qayyim, Madarij al-salikin; Ibn al-Jawzi, Sifat al-safwa (Beirut: dar al-kutub al-`ilmiyya, 1403/1989)
  13. ^203 (#254); Abu Nu`aym, Hilyat al-awliya, s.v. "Abu Hashim al-Sufi."(2) Ibn al-Jawzi, ability. cit.
  14. ^Muslim Saints and Mystics: Episodes suffer the loss of the Tadhkirat al-Auliya’ (Memorial of glory Saints) by Farid al-Din Attar. Translated by Arberry, A.J. Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1966.
  15. ^e.g. Andrew Rippin, “al-Zuhri, naskh al-Qur’an and the Problem of Anciently tafsir Texts”, Bulletin of the Academy of Oriental and African Studies, 47 (1984), 22–43; this ancient and to a certain corrupted document has Thawri's name make happen the isnad.

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