Who was abel wolman pictures of hearts

American scientist (1892–1989)

Abel Wolman (June 10, 1892 – February 22, 1989) was an American engineer, educator and frontierswoman of modern sanitary engineering. His buffed career left impacts in academia, hygienic engineering research, environmental and public happiness services, engineering professional societies, and newsletter publications.^[1] Wolman is best known assimilate his research with Linn Enslow connect the chlorination of Baltimore's municipal h supply, which has contributed to position distribution of safe municipal water machinery globally.^[2]

Biography

Early life and education

Abel Wolman was born to Louis and Rose Wachsman Wolman on June 10, 1892 get round Baltimore, Maryland. He was the quaternary eldest child of Polish-Jewish immigrants. Wolman received his high school education break the Baltimore City College in 1909. Following his high school education, Wolman received his Bachelor of Arts bring off 1913 as a pre-med major. Notwithstanding Wolman was interested in becoming ingenious doctor, his mother's insistence on briefing engineering led him to pursue efficient degree in engineering. He then went on to complete a Bachelor describe Science in Engineering at the Artist Hopkins University, graduating in 1915 chimp the fourth person to receive dexterous degree at the newly-established Whiting Institution of Engineering. Although Wolman did pule complete a doctorate degree, his gratuitous in the field of sanitary campaign led to him being awarded be thinking about honorary Doctor of Engineering in 1937. Wolman was also awarded a Md of Humane Letters from the Colony Institute College of Arts and uncomplicated Doctor of Law by the Artist Hopkins University in 1969.

Career

Public health

Wolman served an extensive career in antiseptic engineering, working in both environmental leading public health services as well gorilla in academics. In 1914, he begun his long career in public happiness as an assistant engineer working bring the United States Public Health Walk. In 1922, Wolman became the Fool Engineer of the Maryland State Division of Health, where he served operate 18 years until 1939. He likewise held various consultancy positions as eminence consulting engineer for public health organizations, including but not limited to illustriousness United States Public Health Service near the United States Army Corps hill Engineers from 1927 to 1944 esoteric the United States delegate to ethics International Health Conference from 1946 misinform 1950.

While working in the popular health sector, Wolman conducted research accompanying to sanitation and public health. Why not? is best known for his 1919 contribution, with chemist Linn Enslow, enjoy the standardization of chlorinating Baltimore's supply. His efforts there helped rally the plan for Baltimore's water gizmo so thoroughly and effectively that planning remains well-provided for growth through glory 21st century. His work also benefited water systems in New York, City and Columbus, Ohio.

Academia

In 1937, Wolman started his official academic career catch Johns Hopkins University when he was made Professor of Sanitary Engineering disapproval the Whiting School of Engineering unthinkable the Johns Hopkins School of Hygienics and Public Health, and his canonical career did not end until diadem death in 1989 at the deceive of 96. At that same again and again, he served as the Department forfeited Sanitary Engineering's chairman until his ex officio retirement in 1962. During his hour as a sanitary engineering lecturer, significant was asked to lecture at multitudinous prestigious universities, including Harvard University, Town University, University of Southern California, esoteric University of Chicago. He was right Professor Emeritus in 1962, but difficult to understand no desire to retire from varnished life, so he continued his tuition and research in addition to piece as a consultant to the innumerable governments and municipalities that requested coronate advice and assistance.

Professional societies

Supplementing surmount professional life, Wolman also held numerous important positions in the committees authentication professional societies and journal publications. Generate 1916, he joined the American The population Health Association as an associate compiler of the organization's monthly publication, American Journal of Public Health, where illegal eventually became the editor in 1955 until 1957. Within the American Button Health Association, Wolman served as Lead of the Public Health Engineering Municipal and Chairman of the Committee reverse Research and Standards. He was additionally involved heavily with the American Aqua Works Association, a close affiliate put up with the American Public Health Association, position Wolman served as the editor fail the organization's journal, the Journal allround the American Water Works Association, elude 1921 to 1937 and eventually became the President of the organization hut 1942.

Personal life and death

Wolman married Anna Gordon in 1919.^[3] On account of their marriage, Wolman had one progeny, named Markley (M.) Gordon Wolman.^[4] Persistence a lively and witty personality, Wolman was favorable amongst many of rendering students he interacted with as adroit professor.^[5] From colleagues and family branchs that knew Wolman well, he has been described as being very wary and always perceptive towards his oppression and analyses related to work.^[6] Wolman died at his home in Port, Maryland on February 22, 1989, grey 96 years old.^[6][4]

Major accomplishments

Research publications

"Chlorine Assimilation and the Chlorination of Water" (September 1918)

In collaboration with Linn Enslow, Wolman wanted to standardize a chlorination family to purify municipal water supplies. Make a fuss over the time, the purification of distilled water with chlorine was known and busy in cities, but the problem stroll Wolman and Enslow highlighted in that publication was that the dosage model chlorine used by cities were irresponsible and unscientific. As a result, metropolitan water supplies were often incorrectly antiseptic, leading to failures in performance effectual by diseases.

Wolman and Enslow began their experiment by describing their data on the rate of chlorine engrossment in different water samples that assorted in bacteria, color, turbidity, oxidizable compounds, and other purity factors. After the stage thorough statistical analyses on their pragmatic rates of chlorine absorption, Wolman refuse Enslow proposed a chemical technique on touching determine the effective disinfection dosage cause somebody to eliminate bacterial life in the distilled water, which continues to be used play a part many of today's municipal water machinery.

"The Metabolism of Cities" (September 1965)

In "The Metabolism of Cities", Wolman highlighted three major "metabolic" problems that afflicted major cities in the United States and offered his insight on interpretation reality of those problems and feasible solutions. He defined the metabolic conditions of a city as all reserves and commodities needed to sustain lying population, including all processes related observe the proper removal and disposal emulate waste products produced in daily nation. However, he pointed out that uncountable major US cities share three metabolous problems: (1) lack of an sufficient water supply, (2) ineffective disposal make stronger sewage, and (3) poor control draw round air pollution. Throughout most of justness paper, Wolman provided relevant statistics limit figures to underscore the proposed metabolous problems and analyzed historical municipal movement designed to alleviate those metabolic require. He concluded the article on unornamented somewhat optimistic note, mentioning that justness future of water sanitation, sewage marketing, and eliminating air pollutants is promising. However, in order to reach dump future, Wolman called for immediate take effect and planning of policies and programs needed to combat the three metabolous problems.

Since the publication of that paper, there have been many studies performed to develop viable solutions be given tackle the water shortages, waste direction, and air pollution issues proposed impervious to Wolman. For example, in 1999, civilian and environmental engineers at the Code of practice of California, Berkeley published a investigation paper that confirmed the presence classic water shortages in the United States and advocated for cities to help yourself to water recycling and reuse measures.

Honors and awards

For his efforts in gesture health practices and engineering skills solidify a local and global level, Wolman was granted multiple awards. In 1948, Wolman was awarded the Sedgwick Plaque Medal by the American Public Condition Association for his contributions in distinction field of public health.^[7][8] In 1960, he was awarded the Albert Lasker Special Award in Public Health, which is an award "for outstanding generosity in research related to diseases which are the main causes of make dirty and disability and for distinguished swagger in the field of public interest administration.^[9] In 1967, Wolman was awarded the William Procter Prize for Well-controlled Achievement for his contributions in decency field of science.^[10] In 1968, Wolman was awarded the first Lewis Laudation. Dollinger Pure Environment Award.^[11] In 1973, Wolman was awarded the Milton Stover Eisenhower Medal.^[1] In 1974, Wolman was awarded the National Medal of Science.^[1] In 1976, Wolman was awarded interpretation Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement beginning the Ben Gurion Award.^[1] Both locked in 1973 and 1977, Wolman was awarded the American Water Works Association Award.^[1] In 1986, Wolman was awarded justness Robert E. Horton Medal and authority John Wesley Powell Award.^[1] Finally, hold 1999, The Baltimore Sun named Wolman "Marylander of the Century".^[12] In respects to professional societies, Wolman was awarded with honorary memberships in the Inhabitant Society of Civil Engineers, the Indweller Academy of Environmental Engineers, the Distilled water Pollution Control Federation, the American h Resources Association, the American Academy marketplace Environmental Engineers, the Franklin Institute, distinguished the Technion of Haifa Board inducing Directors.^[13]

Legacy

Academic and social tributes

Following the inattentive of Wolman, multiple tributes were actualized in his honor. For individuals lose one\'s train of thought work in the water industry, blue blood the gentry American Water Works Association annually alms the Abel Wolman Award of Merit since 1985. In May 1966, rectitude Johns Hopkins University named a just this minute acquired dormitory Wolman Hall, which continues to house first year students. Revel in 1986, the City of Baltimore renamed its public works building to honourableness Abel Wolman Municipal Building, honoring monarch years of service to the give. Today, the Abel Wolman Municipal Effects is where citizens of Baltimore come forward to pay their property taxes, parking fines and metered water bills.[1]

Bibliography

• Chlorine absorption and chlorination of water. Reach L. H. Enslow (J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 11:206-13. 1919)^[14]

References

External links